What occurs in a condensation reaction?

In a condensation reaction, two molecules undergo a chemical reaction to join together while simultaneously eliminating a small molecule, commonly water, as a byproduct. This process is fundamental in the formation of larger molecules such as polymers. For example, in the synthesis of proteins, amino acids can undergo condensation reactions to form peptide bonds between them, releasing water in the process.

The elimination of a small molecule distinguishes condensation reactions from other types of chemical reactions, emphasizing the connection between the reactants and the formation of a more complex product. This mechanism is essential in organic chemistry, particularly in the formation of esters, amides, and polysaccharides, where smaller units combine to create larger, more complex structures.